Python 批量获取华为路由器接口状态并导出CSV
在网络运维场景中，批量采集多台华为路由器的接口状态并整理为结构化数据，是提升运维效率、快速定位网络问题的核心操作。本文将详细讲解如何基于 Python 的 Paramiko 库，实现 SSH 批量登录华为路由器、采集接口状态，并将结果导出为 CSV 文件，完成网络状态的高效汇总与分析。
一、功能概述
本脚本核心能力如下：
批量 SSH 连接指定列表中的华为路由器；
自动关闭终端分页限制，确保接口状态信息完整采集；
执行display interface brief命令获取接口状态数据；
汇总多台设备数据并导出为 CSV 文件，便于后续分析。
二、环境准备
首先安装脚本依赖的 Paramiko 库（Python SSH 协议实现库）：
bash
运行
pip install paramiko
三、完整代码实现
python
运行
import paramiko
import time
import csv
from typing import Dict, Optional
路由器信息配置列表
routers = [
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.2’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.3’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.4’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.6’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.7’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.8’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.10’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.11’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.12’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.13’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.14’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.15’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.16’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.17’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.18’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.19’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.21’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.22’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.26’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.27’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.31’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.32’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.33’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.36’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.37’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.38’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.39’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.41’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.42’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.43’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.44’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.46’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.47’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.48’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.49’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.52’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.53’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.54’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.55’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.56’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.57’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword00’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.58’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.59’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.60’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.61’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.62’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.63’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.64’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.66’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.78’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword00’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.79’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.80’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword00’},
{‘ip’: ‘20.1.1.81’, ‘username’: ‘huawei’, ‘password’: ‘yourpassword00’},
# 可继续添加更多路由器配置
]
def get_interface_status(ip: str, username: str, password: str) -> Optional[str]:
“””
连接华为路由器，获取接口状态信息
Args:
ip: 路由器IP地址
username: 登录用户名
password: 登录密码
Returns:
接口状态字符串，连接失败返回None
"""
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 自动添加未知主机密钥
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
try:
print(f"正在连接路由器 {ip}...")
# 建立SSH连接（添加超时限制，避免长时间阻塞）
client.connect(
hostname=ip,
port=22,
username=username,
password=password,
timeout=15
)
# 调用交互式shell
shell = client.invoke_shell()
shell.settimeout(10)
# 关闭终端分页，确保输出完整
shell.send('screen-length 0 temporary\n')
time.sleep(3) # 等待命令执行
shell.recv(65535).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore') # 清空缓冲区
# 发送获取接口状态命令
shell.send('display interface brief\n')
time.sleep(8) # 根据设备响应速度调整等待时间
# 读取命令输出（忽略编码错误，避免中文乱码）
output = shell.recv(65535).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
return output
except Exception as e:
print(f"连接路由器 {ip} 出错: {str(e)}")
return None
finally:
# 确保SSH连接正常关闭
if client.get_transport() and client.get_transport().is_active():
client.close()
def save_to_csv(data: Dict[str, str], filename: str = ‘router_interface_status.csv’) -> None:
“””
将路由器接口状态保存到CSV文件（UTF-8编码避免中文乱码）
Args:
data: 字典格式，key为路由器IP，value为接口状态
filename: 输出CSV文件名
"""
with open(filename, mode='w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
# 写入表头
writer.writerow(['路由器IP', '接口状态信息'])
# 批量写入数据
for ip, status in data.items():
writer.writerow([ip, status])
if name == “main“:
# 存储采集结果
interface_results = {}
# 遍历所有路由器，批量采集
for router in routers:
ip = router['ip']
username = router['username']
password = router['password']
status_info = get_interface_status(ip, username, password)
if status_info:
interface_results[ip] = status_info
print(f"✅ 已获取 {ip} 接口状态")
else:
print(f"❌ 未获取到 {ip} 接口状态")
# 导出到CSV（判断有效数据，避免生成空文件）
if interface_results:
save_to_csv(interface_results)
print(f"\n������ 采集完成！结果已保存到 {filename if 'filename' in locals() else 'router_interface_status.csv'}")
else:
print("\n⚠️ 未采集到任何路由器接口状态数据")
